Abstract
Distribution networks are undergoing radical changes due to the high level of penetration of dispersed generation. Dispersed generation systems require particular attention due to their incorporation of uncertain energy sources, such as wind farms, and due to the impacts that such sources have on the planning and operation of distribution networks. In particular, the foreseeable, extensive use of wind turbine generator units in the future requires that distribution system engineers properly account for their impacts on the system. Many new technical considerations must be addressed, including protection coordination, steady-state analysis, and power quality issues. This paper deals with the very short-term, steady-state analysis of a distribution system with wind farms, for which the time horizon of interest ranges from one hour to a few hours ahead. Several wind-forecasting methods are presented in order to obtain reliable input data for the steady-state analysis. Both deterministic and probabilistic methods were considered and used in performing deterministic and probabilistic load-flow analyses. Numerical applications on a 17-bus, medium-voltage, electrical distribution system with various wind farms connected at different busbars are presented and discussed.
Highlights
The high level of penetration of dispersed generation (DG) systems has radically changed distribution systems, and, as a result, the planning and operation of distribution networks have become critical issues.Among the types of primary energy sources used in DG, wind generators are prevalent in medium-voltage distribution systems, and they produce a significant fraction of the energy
Among the various technical problems that require accurate wind forecasting, this paper addresses the very short-term, steady-state analysis of a distribution system with wind farms
We present details on the formulation, extend both of the chosen wind forecast methods and the wind farm models, and, test the models’ results on a 17-bus test distribution system
Summary
The high level of penetration of dispersed generation (DG) systems has radically changed distribution systems, and, as a result, the planning and operation of distribution networks have become critical issues. The wind power-forecast methods considered in this paper use a certain number N of hourly measurements obtained from monitoring instrumentation located where the wind turbine is installed These measurements, which can be wind-speed values or direct power values, are the input data for the VST wind-speed method or the power forecast method that furnishes the prediction at hour t + k with different time horizons (from one hour to a few hours), starting from knowledge of the hourly wind speed/power measurements at the sites where the wind farms are installed. Once the power production values for the wind units are known, these values can be included among the input data for the very-short-term, steady-state analysis of the electrical distribution system using deterministic or probabilistic load flows. Descriptions of the wind forecast methods and the deterministic and probabilistic load flows of a distribution system with wind farms are presented in more detail
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