Abstract
The dual-purpose of spongy traps for extracting and storage of EPNs was validated in this investigation. The spongy traps proved to be the most efficient method for recovering IJs from the insect cadavers (Galleria mellonella) comparing with the traditional white traps. Also, the spongy trap kept the viability of IJs for prolonged time (12 weeks). Based on these results, duplications of insect cadavers in spongy traps will be rather encouraging for nematode mass production. A linked study was continued for detection an artificial diet for G. mellonella larvae. This step is necessary towards the mass production of EPNs in vivo. The recommended artificial media divided into two parts: the first part is supplemented with old beewax used for feeding 1st and 2nd instars of insect larvae. The second part is supplemented with paraffin oil used for feeding the other instars of insect larvae. The present results demonstrated that, the insect larvae could live and develop on this artificial diet. Moreover, both nematodes of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Hb) and Steinernema carocapcae (Sc) have proven to propagate perfectly in insects fed on the artificial media. Full death of all treated insects by Sc or Hb occurred (mortality=100%). The pathogenicity and reproduction of Hb nematodes produced from insect larvae fed on artificial diet gave initial population (Pi), final population (Pf), Rate of reproduction (Rr) and Efficiency of conversion (Ec) values superior than those fed on beewax checks at 100 IJs/insect larva. Similary, the pathogenicity and reproduction of Sc nematodes produced from insect larval fed on artificial diet were equivalent to or superior than those produced from insects fed on beewax in all inoculum levels. These new methods require minimal expertise and capital investments for extracting, storage and mass production of the beneficial Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs).
Highlights
Entomopathongic nematodes (EPNs) including stienernematids and heterorhabditis are used to control a variety of economically insect pests (Shapiro-Ilan et al, 2002b; Grewal et al, 2005)
Effect of the new artificial media on EPNs pathogenicity, reproductivity and efficiency of conversion: In case of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Hb), Table (1) and Fig (1) indicated that, G. mellonella larvae fed on the artificial diet or beeswax at low inoculum level (100 infective juveniles (IJs) ) induced a high nematode pathogenicity in comparison with other high inoculum levels
The present data proved that, the numbers of IJs extracted from insect cadaver in spongy traps were higher than those extracted by white traps
Summary
Entomopathongic nematodes (EPNs) including stienernematids and heterorhabditis are used to control a variety of economically insect pests (Shapiro-Ilan et al, 2002b; Grewal et al, 2005). These nematodes gave control equivalent to or superior than the chemical standard insecticides. The infective juveniles (IJs) enter their host through natural openings or through the cuticle. Nematodes release their bacterial symbioses, which are responsible for killing the host within 2448 hours (Dowds and Peters, 2002). The nematodes feed on the bacterial cells and host tissues that has been metabolized by the bacterium and has 1-3 generations, depending. As the food resources in the host cadavers are depleted, a new generation of IJs is produced that emerges from the host cadaver in search of new host ( Kaya and Gaugler, 1993 )
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