Abstract
Psoralen and angelicin are two effective compounds isolated from psoraleae, a traditional Chinese medicine. They have a wide range of applications for bone disease treatment and immune modulation. In this study, we explored their new applications for the treatment of periodontal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of psoralen and angelicin on Porphyromonas gingivalis growth and P. gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS)-induced inflammation, and further to evaluate their effects on osteogenesis. Finally, the effects of angelicin on a mouse model of periodontitis were also investigated. The results showed that psoralen and angelicin had beneficial dose-dependent effects regarding the inhibition of planktonic P. gingivalis and biofilms of P. gingivalis. There were no significant differences in the viability of monocyte-like THP-1 cells and human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) treated with either psoralen or angelicin compared to the untreated control cells. Psoralen and angelicin also markedly decreased the mRNA expression and release of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β and IL-8) by THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. They significantly enhanced the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of hPDLCs and up-regulated the expression of osteogenic proteins (runt-related transcription factor 2 [RUNX2], distal-less homeobox 5 [DLX5], and osteopontin [OPN]). Angelicin significantly attenuated alveolar bone loss and inflammation response in the mice with periodontitis. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that psoralen and angelicin could inhibit the growth of planktonic P. gingivalis and P. gingivalis biofilm. It is also the first report on the anti-inflammatory effect of psoralen and angelicin against Pg-LPS. They also had an osteogenesis-potentiating effect on hPDLCs. The in vivo study also indicated the effect of angelicin regarding protection against periodontitis. Our study highlighted the potential ability of psoralen and angelicin to act as novel natural agents to prevent and treat periodontitis.
Highlights
Periodontitis is considered to be a kind of chronic infectious disease characterized by periodontal tissue destruction (Slots, 2013)
The SMIC50 of psoralen and angelicin was 5.8 and 6.5 μg/ml, respectively. All these data indicated that psoralen and angelicin had beneficial effects regarding the inhibition of planktonic P. gingivalis as well as biofilms
Psoralen and angelicin are two effective compounds of Psoraleae, and they have long been used in bone formation and skin diseases, such as osteomalacia, osteoporosis and lichen planus (Chopra et al, 2013; Alsenaid et al, 2016)
Summary
Periodontitis is considered to be a kind of chronic infectious disease characterized by periodontal tissue destruction (Slots, 2013). Prevention of periodontitis should inhibit the associated pathogens to control the inflammatory response and guard against more destruction, and treatment should help the periodontal tissues to regenerate (Lu and Shi, 2010). The typical initial therapy for periodontitis involves mechanical methods (such as supragingival scaling, subgingival scaling, and root planing) to clean bacterial plaque (Cao, 2006). Other approaches such as erbium:yttriumaluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) lasers and toothpastes containing triclosan are essential treatments. It is highly necessary to investigate new comprehensive agents that exert anti-bacterial and antiinflammatory effects and regenerate the damaged periodontal tissues
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