Abstract
The planted forest area in Vietnam increased from 3.0 to 4.4 million hectares in the period 2010–2020, but the loss of productivity from pests and diseases continues to be a problem. During this period, frequent and systematic plantation forest health surveys were conducted on 12 native and 4 exotic genera of trees as well as bamboo across eight forest geographic regions of Vietnam. Damage caused by insects and pathogens was quantified in the field and laboratory in Hanoi. The threats of greatest concern were from folivores (Antheraea frithi, Arthroschista hilaralis, Atteva fabriciella, Hieroglyphus tonkinensis, Lycaria westermanni,Krananda semihyalina, and Moduza procris), wood borers (Batocera lineolata, Euwallacea fornicatus, Tapinolachnus lacordairei, Xyleborus perforans, and Xystrocera festiva), sap-sucking insects (Aulacaspis tubercularis and Helopeltis theivora) and pathogens (Ceratocystis manginecans, Fusarium solani, and Phytophthora acaciivora). The number of new and emerging pests and pathogens increased over time from 2 in 2011 to 17 in 2020, as the damage became more widespread. To manage these pests and diseases, it is necessary to further invest in the selection and breeding of resistant genotypes, improve nursery hygiene and silvicultural operations, and adopt integrated pest management schemes. Consideration should be given to developing forest health monitoring protocols for forest reserves and other special-purpose forests.
Highlights
Vietnam has made great strides in regreening the country in recent decades [1,2]
The plantation forestry sector has made a significant contribution to the growth in forest cover and comprises 26.4% of the total forest area in Vietnam [3]
Of particular note is the apparently rapid spread of Aulacapsis tubercularis in Cinnamomum cassia, Euwallacea fornicatus in Acacia spp. and C. cassia, Tapinolachrus lacordairea in Chukrasia tabularis, and Xyleborus perforans in Acacia and Eucalyptus
Summary
Vietnam has made great strides in regreening the country in recent decades [1,2]. Due to national policies and targets for afforestation and the rehabilitation of natural forests, the forest area expanded from 9.40 million ha in 1990 to 14.67 million ha in 2020 [3]. Vietnam’s 2006–2020 Forest Development Strategy expressed the goal of increasing the total forest cover from 37% in 2006 [4] to 42% by 2020 [3]. The plantation forestry sector has made a significant contribution to the growth in forest cover and comprises 26.4% 4.4 million ha) of the total forest area in Vietnam [3]. The plantation forest sector is vitally important to the livelihood of millions of rural households [7,8]. It has been estimated that fast-growing Acacia hybrids can provide 33–56% of the total household income [9]. Even though the plantation area has continued to increase over time, it is insufficient to meet the demand of the local wood processing industry [11]
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