New and efficient magnetic nanocomposite extraction using multifunctional deep eutectic solvent based on ferrofluid and vortex assisted-liquid–liquid microextraction: Determining primary aromatic amines (PAAs) in tetra-packed fruit juices

Abstract

In this work, a novel magnetic nanocomposite solvent (MNCS) based on ferrofluid and multifunctional deep eutectic solvent (MDES) was synthesized and applied in vortex assisted-liquid–liquid microextraction (VA-LLME). The ferrofluid has been composed from zirconium phosphate (modified magnetic graphene oxide) and tetrabutylammonium bromide-octanoic acid deep eutectic solvent (MGO/α-ZrP@TBAB-OA). This efficient method was employed to determine primary aromatic amines including aniline, 4-methoxyanniline, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, orthotoluidine, 2,6-dimethylaniline, 2-naphtylamine in tetra-packed juice samples. The proposed method showed the excellent extraction efficiency of PAAs according to strong interactions of new extraction solvent including electrostatic, π-π, and hydrogen bonding attractions. The found levels of PAAs are lower than the limit of quantifications (2.0 µg L−1). Therefore, the migration of PAAs from packaging to the juice samples is lower than permitted level (<10 µg kg−1). The results indicated high potential use of the offered method to analyze aromatic amine compounds in foodstuff and biologic samples in the future.