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Abstract
The environment of Lake Baikal is a well-known source of microbial diversity. The strain Streptomyces sp. IB2014/011-12, isolated from samples collected at Lake Baikal, was found to exhibit potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we report isolation and characterization of linear polyketide alpiniamide A (1) and its new derivatives B–D (2–5). The structures of alpiniamides A–D were established and their relative configuration was determined by combination of partial Murata’s method and ROESY experiment. The absolute configuration of alpiniamide A was established through Mosher’s method. The gene cluster, responsible for the biosynthesis of alpiniamides (alp) has been identified by genome mining and gene deletion experiments. The successful expression of the cloned alp gene cluster in a heterologous host supports these findings. Analysis of the architecture of the alp gene cluster and the feeding of labeled precursors elucidated the alpiniamide biosynthetic pathway. The biosynthesis of alpiniamides is an example of a rather simple polyketide assembly line generating unusual chemical diversity through the combination of domain/module skipping and double bond migration events.
Highlights
The consistent development of antibiotic resistance in life-threatening pathogens diminishes the availability of effective medications for the treatment of infectious diseases
Actinobacteria represent one of the most thoroughly examined group of bacteria in terms of Biosynthesis of New Alpiniamides natural product research, which is reflected in the continuing discovery of important antibiotics, e.g., teicoplanin, daptomycin, and fidaxomicin over the years (Procópio et al, 2012)
IB2014/011-12 has been isolated from the net-spinning caddisfly Trichoptera sp. (AxenovGribanov et al, 2016)
Summary
The consistent development of antibiotic resistance in life-threatening pathogens diminishes the availability of effective medications for the treatment of infectious diseases. Natural products originating from plants and microorganisms have inspired medicinal drug research for decades (Ventola, 2015). They are produced as secondary metabolites and represent a major source of drug leads and serve as templates for semisynthetic derivatives. Actinobacteria represent one of the most thoroughly examined group of bacteria in terms of Biosynthesis of New Alpiniamides natural product research, which is reflected in the continuing discovery of important antibiotics, e.g., teicoplanin, daptomycin, and fidaxomicin over the years (Procópio et al, 2012). The discovery of new bioactive natural products is still indispensable for sustaining the rapid progress of medicinal research (Dias et al, 2012)
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