Abstract
The Cactaceae family is composed by 124 genera and about 1438 species. Pilosocereus gounellei, popularly known in Brazil as xique-xique, is used in folk medicine to treat prostate inflammation, gastrointestinal and urinary diseases. The pioneering phytochemical study of P. gounellei was performed using column chromatography and HPLC, resulting in the isolation of 10 substances: pinostrobin (1), β-sitosterol (2), a mixture of sitosterol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside/stigmasterol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3a/3b), 132-hydroxyphaeophytin a (4), phaeophytin a (5), a mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol (6a/6b), kaempferol (7), quercetin (8), 7′-ethoxy-trans-feruloyltyramine (mariannein, 9) and trans-feruloyl tyramine (10). Compound 9 is reported for the first time in the literature. The structural characterization of the compounds was performed by analyses of 1-D and 2-D NMR data. In addition, a phenolic and flavonol total content assay was carried out, and the anti-oxidant potential of P. gounellei was demonstrated.
Highlights
IntroductionCactaceae is a family belonging to the order Caryophyllales with 124 genera and about
Cactaceae is a family belonging to the order Caryophyllales with 124 genera and about1438 species [1] distributed throughout American territory in tropical and temperate dry regionsMolecules 2016, 21, 11; doi:10.3390/molecules21010011 www.mdpi.com/journal/moleculesMolecules 2016, 21, 11 with wide occurrence in Mexico and Brazil [2]
The Pearson correlation coefficients (r) of these plots were approximately 0.943 for the DPPH assay and 0.944 for the ABTS assay. This result suggests that 94% of the anti-oxidant capacity of extracts and methanol fraction from P. gounellei is due to the contribution of phenolic compounds
Summary
Cactaceae is a family belonging to the order Caryophyllales with 124 genera and about. Previous phytochemical studies on Cactaceae species have reported the presence of flavonoids, such as quercetin, rutin and kaempferol, as well as the anti-oxidant activity of several species, e.g., Opuntia monocantha, Opuntia ficus-indica, Cereus jamacaru, Pilosocereus pachycladus and Pilosocereus arrabidae [8,9]. In plants, this activity is related to the presence of phenolic molecules such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, anthocyanins and others [10]. Anti-oxidant activity of Cactaceae species has been reported previously, justifying our investigation of P. gounellei’s anti-oxidant potential [8,9]
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