Abstract
Photopolymerization processes, and especially those carried out under visible light, are more and more widespread for their multiple advantages compared to thermal processes. In the present paper, new 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives are proposed as photoinitiators for free-radical polymerization upon visible light exposure using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at 395, 405, and 470 nm. These photoinitiators are used in combination with both iodonium salts and phosphine. The synthesis of these compounds as well as their excellent polymerization initiation ability for methacrylate monomers are presented in this article. A full picture of the involved chemical mechanisms is also provided thanks to photolysis, radical characterization, and redox measurements.
Highlights
IntroductionThe development of more eco-friendly initiating systems has received enormous attention in recent times [1,2]
For polymer research, the development of more eco-friendly initiating systems has received enormous attention in recent times [1,2]
We propose 1,8-naphthalimide structures with original substituents, and their chemical structures are represented in the Scheme 1. 1,8-Naphthalimide derivatives are constituted of fused aromatic cycles with carbonyl groups
Summary
The development of more eco-friendly initiating systems has received enormous attention in recent times [1,2]. Synthetic or natural, their role is essential in everyday life. Their role is essential in everyday life Because of their numerous properties, such as flexibility and chemical resistance, polymers constitute the building blocks of numerous materials. Polymers, and in particular polymers formed by a thermal process, show a strong negative impact on Earth related to their high energy consumption for production, emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and problem of after-used wastes [3]. In this context, the photopolymerization process can represent an important progress for polymer synthesis in an eco-friendlier way. Most photopolymerization processes were performed under UV (ultraviolet) light exposure. A huge challenge today is to perform photopolymerization under milder
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