Neutrophils in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Indicating the Severity and Relapse of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis.

Haoshen Feng,Lili Yan,Jian Kang,Zhenhua Li,Yabin Zhao

doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.787681

Abstract

BackgroundPulmonary sarcoidosis is a highly heterogeneous granulomatous disease without any specific symptoms and manifestations. Neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) have been proposed to indicate the severity and prognosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis, but this needs confirmation in patients from different populations due to the heterogeneity of the disease. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis in northeastern China and to explore the relationship between neutrophils in BALF and the severity of pulmonary sarcoidosis.MethodsWe enrolled 432 patients who were diagnosed with pulmonary sarcoidosis in this retrospective study. The symptoms, extrapulmonary involvement, forced vital capacity percentage predicted (FVC % pred), and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide percentage predicted (DLco % pred) were recorded. BAL was performed in 319 patients, and the results of a cellular examination of BALF were collected. A total of 123 patients who received corticosteroid treatment were followed up for at least 12 months, and the outcomes were recorded.ResultsCough was the most common symptom, and cutaneous involvement was the most common extrapulmonary manifestation in 304 (70.4%) and 82 (19.0%) patients, respectively. The percentages of patients with high neutrophil counts in BALF (>3%) were higher at Stages 2 and 3 compared with Stages 0 and 1 (33.2 vs. 19.4%, p = 0.007), although the percentages of neutrophils in BALF showed no difference between patients at Stages 0, 1, 2, and 3. Patients with high neutrophil counts in BALF had lower FVC % pred compared with the other patients (79.5 ± 18.2 vs. 84.9 ± 14.5%, p = 0.025) and were prone to relapse after corticosteroids were tapered. High neutrophil counts in BALF were independently associated with relapse after corticosteroids were tapered in a binary logistic regression analysis (p = 0.027).ConclusionsPatients with pulmonary sarcoidosis lacked specific symptoms and manifestations. The neutrophil count in BALF could indicate the severity and outcomes of pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Highlights

Sarcoidosis is a systematic granulomatous disease with elusive etiology, which can manifest in almost any organ, such as the lungs, heart, skin, and eyes [1,2,3]
The percentages of patients with high neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (>3%) were higher at Stages 2 and 3 compared with Stages 0 and 1 (33.2 vs. 19.4%, p = 0.007), the percentages of neutrophils in BALF showed no difference between patients at Stages 0, 1, 2, and 3
The neutrophil count in BALF could indicate the severity and outcomes of pulmonary sarcoidosis

Summary

Introduction

Sarcoidosis is a systematic granulomatous disease with elusive etiology, which can manifest in almost any organ, such as the lungs, heart, skin, and eyes [1,2,3]. The symptoms of pulmonary sarcoidosis are non-specific and the clinical course leads to different outcomes [4, 5]. The percentage of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) has been proposed to reflect the severity and prognosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis in the past few decades. It was reported that patients with increased percentages of neutrophils in BALF had a high probability of receiving steroid therapy [12, 13], and the number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in BALF helped to distinguish the outcome between remission and a more severe course of pulmonary sarcoidosis [11]. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is a highly heterogeneous granulomatous disease without any specific symptoms and manifestations. Neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) have been proposed to indicate the severity and prognosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis, but this needs confirmation in patients from different populations due to the heterogeneity of the disease. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis in northeastern China and to explore the relationship between neutrophils in BALF and the severity of pulmonary sarcoidosis

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Conclusion