Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) Can Predict Spontaneous Preterm Birth?

Abstract

To investigate the role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth. Data was retrospectively collected from hospital record between February 2018 and November 2022. Pregnant women (n = 78) with a single pregnancy between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation, presented with labor pain, and had regular uterine contractions (threatened preterm labor - TPL) were included. Patients delivered within the first week after TPL were included in group 1 (n = 40) and who delivered after in group 2 (n = 38). Two groups were investigated for NLR and PLR values. The median cervical length among women who gave birth within a week was significantly lower (24.5 versus 30.0 p < 0.001). The median neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio among women who gave birth within a week was significantly higher (6.4 versus 4.5 p < 0.001). The median platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio among women who gave birth within a week was significantly higher (151 versus 131 p < 0.001). The cut-off values to predict preterm birth were >5 for NLR (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 92.1%), >139 for PLR (sensitivity: 97.5%, specificity: 100%). NLR and PLR values predict spontaneous preterm birth with high sensitivity and specificity. By predicting preterm birth, the pregnancy process can be managed sensitively and smoothly.