Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and cardiovascular events. An important determinant of progression in CKD is chronic systemic inflammation which can be evaluated using the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). We aimed to investigate the value of NLR in patients with ESRD compared with healthy subjects. This was a retrospective study that analyzed data from patients with end-stage renal disease and equal number of age and sex matched control (healthy subjects) seen at Benue State University Teaching Hospital Makurdi from October 1st, 2012 to 31st December 2015. Out of the 118 patients studied 70(59.3) were males while 48 (40.7) were females. The mean age of the study population was 45.9 ± 16.4. The mean NLR for patients with ESRD was 3.55± 4.01 while that of healthy subjects was 1.29± 0.25. The mean NLR for patients was 3.47±4.01 for males and 3.68±4.06 for females while for the healthy subjects the mean NLR was 1.30±0.27 for males 1.27±0.22 for females. This study revealed elevated NLR in patients with ESRD. NLR reflects systemic inflammation. The availability of this ratio (NLR) can help improve outcome of patients with CKD.
Highlights
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global health problem
It has been shown that novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) like inflammation and protein energy wasting (PEW) which are common in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) play a crucial role in CVD in these patients.[4]
This study revealed that patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) have higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
Summary
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global health problem. The prevalence and incidence of CKD is increasing in both developed and developing countries.[1,2] The major cause of mortality in patients with CKD including end stage renal disease (ESRD) is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many factors account for the increased risk of CVD in ESRD patients They include both traditional and novel risk factors. The major cardiovascular event in these patients is atherosclerotic vascular disease. Traditional risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity cannot completely explain the increased risk of these patients for CVD.[3] It has been shown that novel risk factors for CVD like inflammation and protein energy wasting (PEW) which are common in patients with ESRD play a crucial role in CVD in these patients.[4] Chronic systemic inflammation has been shown to contribute to CKD progression and fibrosis.[5] The neutrophil count reflects inflammation while the lymphocyte count is related to malnutrition and general stress.
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