Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been the subject of research in the field of innate immunity since their first description more than a decade ago. Neutrophils are the first cells recruited at sites of inflammation, where they perform their specific functions, including the release of NETs, which consist of web-like structures composed of granule proteins bound to decondensed chromatin fibres. This process has aroused interest, as it contributes to understanding how pathogenic microorganisms are contained, but they are also associated with pathophysiological processes of a wide range of diseases. Currently, there are growing reports of new molecules involved in the formation and release of NETs. However, whether the release of NETs contributes to eye diseases remains unclear. For this reason, the overall aim of this review is to gather current data of recent research in the ophthalmology field, where there is still much to discover.
Highlights
Neutrophils are the main effector cells of an acute inflammation
It should be noted that this mechanism is dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation [4,5,24]. It persists for 2–4 h and consists of a specific neutrophil lysis, which begins with chromatin decondensation, followed by nuclear membrane disintegration and a mixture of DNA material and cytoplasmic components, including neutrophil granule contents
We have previously reported that Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release is presented in a rabbit corneal alkali burn, and intracameral injection of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells was able to significantly inhibit NET release. hAM-MSC were able to reduce the number of inflammatory cells and infiltrated neutrophil, as well as neovascularisation and corneal opacity
Summary
Neutrophils are the main effector cells of an acute inflammation Their anti-inflammatory role is due to their specialised functions [1]. More than a decade ago, it was posited that, upon activation, neutrophils release extracellular structures composed of granular and nuclear constituents that neutralise bacteria. Since these fibrous networks have been called neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) [2]. These fibrous networks have been called neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) [2] As this phenomenon was originally considered a particular form of cell death, different from necrosis or apoptosis, the process was labelled “NETosis” [3]. We discuss the role of NETs in pathological responses, focusing on eye diseases
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