Neutrophil-Derived Inflammation and Pregnancy Outcomes

Abstract

Inflammation, orchestrated by immune cells like neutrophils, plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and protecting against pathogens. However, during pregnancy, the delicate balance of immune responses is paramount to support fetal development while safeguarding maternal health. Neutrophils, as pivotal contributors to the innate immune system, significantly influence the inflammatory milieu, yet excessive or dysregulated neutrophil-derived inflammation can impact pregnancy outcomes. This paper aims to dissect the multifaceted role of neutrophil-derived inflammation in shaping pregnancy outcomes. It delves into the mechanisms by which neutrophils orchestrate inflammatory responses during gestation and scrutinizes the implications of heightened inflammation on maternalfetal health. Specifically, it explores the association between increased neutrophil-driven inflammation and adverse outcomes such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal developmental abnormalities. Examining the intricate balance between protective and detrimental roles of neutrophil-derived inflammation, this review assesses alterations in neutrophil functions, activation pathways, and the release of inflammatory mediators during normal and pathological pregnancies. Additionally, it evaluates potential regulatory mechanisms governing neutrophil-derived inflammation and identifies putative biomarkers indicative of heightened inflammatory responses linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The clinical implications of understanding the impact of neutrophil-derived inflammation on pregnancy outcomes are highlighted, emphasizing its significance in obstetric care, prenatal monitoring, and potential therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, this review delineates the NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES (NIJSES) Volume 4 Issue 2 2023 ©NIJSES Publications Open Access ONLINE ISSN: 2992-5819 PRINT ISSN: 2992-6149 Obeagu et al., 2023 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited Page | 11 critical need for future research avenues focusing on molecular investigations, therapeutic modulation of neutrophildriven inflammation, and longitudinal studies to elucidate the long-term consequences on maternal and fetal wellbeing. In conclusion, unraveling the intricate interplay between neutrophil-derived inflammation and pregnancy outcomes is imperative. A deeper understanding of these interactions holds promise for informing clinical strategies, improving prenatal care, and ultimately optimizing maternal and fetal health.