Neutropenia related hospitalization risk in lung cancer patients with chemotherapy.

Abstract

e18290 Background: We sought to describe outcomes following granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) prophylaxis in patients with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy regimens with low to intermediate risk for inducing neutropenia related hospitalization. Methods: We identified 11,233 lung cancer (all histologies) patients ≥ 18 years from 14 commercial US health plans. All patients received first cycle chemotherapy during 2008–2013. 5,423 patients received one of the 3 regimens: carboplatin and paclitaxel, cisplatin and etoposide, carboplatin and etoposide. Primary prophylaxis (PP) was defined as G-CSF administration within 5 days of chemotherapy. Outcome was neutropenia, fever, or infection-related hospitalization within 21 days. Regression and number-needed-to-treat (NNT) analyses were used. Results: A total of 11,233 patients received any chemotherapy (21.2% PP), were older (median years 64 PP; 64 no PP) and had at least 1 non-cancer comorbidity (79.8% PP; 77.9% no PP). About 2,776 patients received Carbo/Paclitaxel (13.9% PP), 1,356 patients received Cisp/Etop (23% PP) and 1,291 patients received Carbo/Etop (45.8% PP) regimens. PP was associated with lower risk of neutropenia related hospitalization for any chemotherapy (4.7% PP; 7.5% no PP; odds ratio [OR] 0.61; 95% CI 0.49 – 0.74), for Cisp/Etop (5.1% PP; 8.8% no PP; OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.32 – 0.97) and Carbo/Etop (5.6% PP; 11% no PP; OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.31 – 0.73), but not Carbo/Paclitaxel (5.7% PP; 6.7% no PP; OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.53 – 1.32) regimens. Based on NNT, the total cost of PP for 36 patients with any chemotherapy regimen to avoid one hospitalization would be $128,952 (mean hospitalization cost = $11,900, Standard Deviation [SD] = $9,541). For 28 patients with Cisp/Etop, it would be $101,920 (mean hospitalization cost = $16,957, SD = $16,135). For 19 patients with Carbo/Etop, it would be $63,270 (mean hospitalization cost = $11,356, SD = $6,949). Conclusions: Primary G-CSF prophylaxis was associated with some benefit in lowering neutropenia-related hospitalization in patients with lung cancer receiving Cisp/Etop and Carbo/Etop regimens, although the cost to treat patients remains high. Future studies need to examine the value of continued G-CSF use in subsequent cycles.