Abstract
Hybrid nuclear systems, rather than a self-sustained chain reaction, are subcritical nuclear systems using additional neutrons from an external neutron source to sustain a chain reaction. Once the external neutron source supply stops, the fission reaction in the subcritical reactor/blanket soon stops. Hybrid nuclear systems include accelerator-driven subcritical system (ADSs) and fusion-driven subcritical system (FDSs). These systems can not only produce energy but also offer an effective approach to the settlement of accumulated of nuclear waste and the shortage of fissile fuel. In particular, FDS is considered as a potential path to the early application of fusion energy [1].
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