Abstract
The reflection of neutrons from a helium surface is observed for the first time. The He4 surface is smoother in the superfluid state at 1.54K than in the case of the normal liquid at 2.3K. In the superfluid state we also observe a surface layer ∼200Å thick which has a subtly different neutron scattering cross section, which may be explained by an enhanced Bose-Einstein condensate fraction close to the helium surface. The application of neutron reflectometry described in this paper creates new and exciting opportunities for the surface and interfacial study of quantum fluids.
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