Neutron Emission Spectra of 104,105,106,108,110Pd Isotopes for (p,xn) Reactions at 21.6 MeV Proton Incident Energy

Abstract

Palladium, which is a rare and lustrous silvery-white color from precious metals, plays important role in fusion–fission reactions and different fields of nuclear technology. In addition, it is used for not only cold fusion experiments but also separation of hydrogen isotopes researches for fusion reactors. In this study, neutron-emission spectra produced by (p,xn) reactions for structural fusion material 104,105,106,108,110Pd isotopes have been investigated by a proton beam at 21.6 MeV. Moreover, multiple pre-equilibrium mean free paths constant from internal transition, and the pre-equilibrium and equilibrium level density parameters have been analyzed for some (p,xn) neutron-emission spectra calculated. New evaluated hybrid model and geometry dependent hybrid model, full exciton model and cascade exciton model were used to calculate the pre-equilibrium neutron-emission spectra. For the reaction equilibrium component, Weisskopf–Ewing model calculations were preferred. The obtained results have been discussed and compared with the available experimental data and found agreement with each other.