Abstract

The fact that neutrinos are massive has been the most crucial evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles. To date, we still do not know how neutrinos get mass and why their mass is much smaller than that of their charged fermion cousins. The precise determination of the neutrino mass spectrum has become one of the central tasks of neutrino physics, providing critical input for understanding the nature of neutrino mass and extending our model. The present landscape of the neutrino mass spectrum is reviewed and explored in this article using data from the neutrino oscillation, cosmology, and beta decay. In addition, we discuss the possibility of relevant programs elucidating the neutrino mass spectrum in the coming decades.

Highlights

  • The NeutrinoWe live in a matrix of neutrinos, which is the most abundant and possibly the most elusive of all the known massive particles

  • Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations

  • mass ordering (MO) can be, we find that mν2/mν3 > 0.17, which is much larger than the counterparts of the charged fermion, giving mμ/mτ = 0.06, for up-type quarks mc-quark/mt-quark = 0.01, down-type quarks ms-quark/mb-quark = 0.02

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Summary

The Neutrino

We live in a matrix of neutrinos, which is the most abundant and possibly the most elusive of all the known massive particles. Pauli [1] as a desperate way out of interpreting the continuity of the beta particle’s energy spectrum in the beta decay. It took 25 years for physicists to discover the neutrino fingerprint [2]. We do not know yet how neutrinos gain mass or whether they are Dirac or Majorana particles.

Present Landscape of the Neutrino Mass Spectrum
Neutrino Mass from the Neutrino Oscillation
A Reconstructive Neutrino Mass Matrix
Prospect of Neutrino Mass Ordering Determination
Findings
Discussion
Conclusions
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