Abstract
In this paper we review some mechanisms that provide light neutrinos in the framework of 3-3-1 gauge models without exotic leptons. In regard to the minimal 3-3-1 model, we call the attention to the fact that the perturbative regime of the model goes until 5 TeV. This requires alternative mechanisms in order to generate light neutrinos. In this review we discuss two mechanisms capable of generating light neutrinos in the framework of the minimal 3-3-1 model. In regard to the 3-3-1 model with right-handed neutrinos, we call the attention to the fact that in it mechanisms that generate light left-handed neutrinos also generate light right-handed neutrinos. Finally, we call the attention to the fact that the 3-3-1 model with right-handed neutrinos accommodate naturally the inverse seesaw mechanism.
Highlights
Models for the electroweak interactions based on the SU(3)C SU(3)L ⊗U(1)N(3-3-1) symmetry were first intensively explored in the 1970's (Schechter and Ueda, 1973)
The explanation of the lightness of the neutrino masses is a challenge for any gauge theory
This is the case for models based on the 3-3-1 gauge symmetry
Summary
Models for the electroweak interactions based on the SU(3)C SU(3)L ⊗U(1)N(3-3-1) symmetry were first intensively explored in the 1970's (Schechter and Ueda, 1973). The second possibility requires the addition of right-handed neutrinos in the singlet form to the leptonic particle content of the minimal 3-3-1 models and combine type I with type II seesaw mechanisms to generate tiny neutrino masses (Caetano et al, 2012). In order to obtain small neutrino masses in this version, we add right-handed neutrinos in the singlet form and a third scalar triplet φ = (φ 0 φ1− φ2+ )T ∼ (1,3,0) to the other two X and ρ with the main supposition being that φ is heavier than the other with its mass being around Λ (Caetano et al, 2012) In this point, it is imperative to impose a Z4 symmetry with the following fields trans- forming as:. On substituting this expression for υφ in Equation 14, we obtain the following expression to the LH neutrino mass:
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