Neutrino halo effect on collective neutrino oscillation in iron core-collapse supernova model of a 9.6 M⊙ star

Abstract

We extend the multi-angle computational framework and investigate the time evolution of the neutrino halo on collective neutrino oscillation in the core collapse of an iron core progenitor. We find that in the case of the 9.6 M⊙ progenitor adopted in this work, there are windows of time {when} the effects of neutrino halo and collective neutrino oscillation {are not simultaneously large}. Inside the shock, the impact of {the} inward-scattered {halo neutrino} cannot in general be neglected compared to the outward-propagating neutrino flux. However, during early epochs, collective neutrino oscillation is effectively shut down by multi-angle matter suppression. During the intermediate epoch, collective neutrino oscillation is {not} suppressed, but {its} onset radius is beyond the still relatively small explosion shock front where the halo is prominent. We also find {in the case of the 9.6 M⊙ progenitor} the halo neutrinos induce a delay {in} the onset of collective neutrino oscillations. This causes novel flavor conversions which sharpen collective neutrino oscillation spectral features. We predict that the inclusion of neutrino halo effects makes neutrino signals that are more clearly distinct from thermal emission that when halo neutrinos are omitted.