Abstract
The main goal of the Large Volume Detector (LVD), in the INFN Gran Sasso National Laboratory (Italy), is the study of neutrino bursts from gravitational stellar col- lapses in the Milky Way. Both the detector and the data anal- ysis procedure have been actually optimized for this purpose. Moreover the modularity of the apparatus allows to obtain a duty cycle that is very close to 100%, so that the experiment is continuously monitoring the Galaxy. The search for Supernova neutrino signal is performed online, within fixed duration time windows (20 s), and of- fline with variable duration time windows from few ms up to 200 s. In both cases, LVD is able to disentangle a cluster of neutrino signals from the background fluctuations, and its sensitivity extends to the whole Galaxy. No candidates have been detected during almost 18 years of observation (6013 days of lifetime): the resulting 90% c.l. upper limit to the rate of gravitational stellar collapses in the Galaxy is 0.14 events/year. Detector performances, search method and data results are here reported.
Highlights
Gravitational stellar collapses are astrophysical events of great interest
The confirmed detection of the neutrino signal from the SN 1987A, which was located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, marked the beginning of a new era in neutrino astrophysics
Even in the lack of a complete theory of the core collapse supernova explosion the correlated neutrino emission is believed to be well established and should be detected with different active detectors at the time event will occur within the Milky Way boundaries
Summary
Gravitational stellar collapses are astrophysical events of great interest. Because of the complexity of the problem, the modeling of the physical processes is still in evolution, but it is in general accepted that the role of neutrinos is critical to allow the supernova to form out of a collapse (Bethe and Wilson, 1985). Alekseev et al, 1987) and, in spite of some unresolved controversies Aglietta et al (1987) opened the way for a new method of investigation: the neutrino astronomy. Even in the lack of a complete theory of the core collapse supernova explosion the correlated neutrino emission is believed to be well established and should be detected with different active detectors at the time event will occur within the Milky Way boundaries
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