Abstract

Neutral molecular densities just outside the plasma edge are measured at 11 axial locations in tandem mirror experiment-upgrade (TMX-U). These densities are time dependent and vary greatly with different modes of TMX-U plasma operation. The densities are low in the ion-cyclotron resonance heated central cell because of plasma pumping. The density is high in the plug near the sloshing-ion turning point. These densities are measured with a combination of new retractable, and fixed, magnetically unshielded Bayard–Alpert gauges that can be oriented to provide calibrated operation in the high (7 kG) TMX-U magnetic fields. The role of the neutral density in simultaneously fueling and charge exchanging away the plug density is modeled using smoke, a Fokke–Planck code.

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