Neutral Lipids, Glycolipids, and Phospholipids, Isolated from Sandfish (Arctoscopus japonicus) Eggs, Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Activity in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells through NF-κB and MAPKs Pathways.

Weerawan Rod-In,Chaiwat Monmai,Il-Sik Shin,Sangguan You,Woo Jung Park

doi:10.3390/md18090480

Weerawan Rod-In, Chaiwat Monmai + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/md18090480

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Journal: Marine Drugs	Publication Date: Sep 21, 2020
Citations: 14	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Gangneung–Wonju National University

Abstract

Total lipids were extracted from sandfish (Arctoscopus japonicus), and then they were separated into the following three lipid fractions: neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids. In this study, we analyzed the lipid fractions of A. japonicus eggs and we determined their anti-inflammatory activity in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. In these three lipid-fractions, the main fatty acids were as follows: palmitic acid (16:0), oleic acid (18:1n-9), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3). Among the lipid fractions, phospholipids showed the highest concentration of DHA and EPA (21.70 ± 1.92 and 18.96 ± 1.27, respectively). The three lipid fractions of A. japonicus significantly suppressed the production of NO in macrophages. Moreover, they also significantly inhibited the expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the lipid fractions of A. japonicus suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunits in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, they attenuated the activation of MAPKs (p38, ERK1/2, and JNK) phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These results indicate that all the lipid fractions of A. japonicus exert anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Therefore, the lipid fractions of A. japonicus might be potentially used as anti-inflammatory agents.

Highlights

Fish eggs contain many nutrients, such as amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and minerals
No previous study has examined the fatty acid profiles of individual lipids, which were isolated from A. japonicus eggs by fractional distillation
Fatty Acid Analysis of A. japonicus Lipid-Fractions (Neutral Lipids, Glycolipids, and Phospholipids), Which were Isolated from A. japonicus Eggs

Summary

Introduction

Fish eggs contain many nutrients, such as amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. Lipids are a major source of energy during embryonic and early developmental stages of larvae. Lipids are a major source of essential fatty acids, which play a pivotal role in the growth, reproductive functions, and in the maintenance of healthy tissues [1,2]. Based on their chemical characteristics, lipids can be divided in two major classes: neutral lipids (triacylglycerols (TAGs), waxes, and terpenes), and polar lipids (phospholipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids, etc.) [3]. Neutral lipids are known as reserve lipids, which are used as a major source of energy [4,5].

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