Abstract
At present, neutral-carrier- and ¡on-exchanger-based ion-selective liquid membrane microelectrodes are available for the measurement of H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+ and CI-. Fundamental aspects, design features and limitations of microelectrodes are discussed and examples for their application in physiology are given. The most important characteristics are summarized in view of intra- and extracellular physiological measurements. The selectivity coefficients KijPol with respect to the most common ions are compared to calculated values Kij,maxPol, required for measurements in intra- and extracellular samples without significant interference. For intracellular microelectrode studies, these required values are fully met for H+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and CI-, while in the case of extracellular measurements H+, Na+, K+ and Ca2+ can be assayed adequately.
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