Abstract

This chapter looks into mutation in terms of neutral and adaptive molecular variations. It clarifies how genetic variation is dependent on the population as immigration and emigration could change allele frequencies. The chapter looks into the theory behind molecular evolution and the McDonald-Kreitman test. The latter is used as a statistical measure of neutrality versus selection using DNA sequences. Heterozygosity-fitness correlations are used for studying the impact of inbreeding in natural populations. The chapter notes allozymes and nuclear DNA markers as neutral markers which are regarded as not completely neutral. Additionally, the chapter explores genomics as the study of adaptive variation.

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