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Abstract
Enteroviruses are a group of positive-sense single stranded viruses that belong to the Picornaviridae family. Most enteroviruses infect humans from the gastrointestinal tract and cause mild symptoms. However, several enteroviruses can invade the central nervous system (CNS) and result in various neurological symptoms that are correlated to mortality associated with enteroviral infections. In recent years, large outbreaks of enteroviruses occurred worldwide. Therefore, these neurotropic enteroviruses have been deemed as re-emerging pathogens. Although these viruses are becoming large threats to public health, our understanding of these viruses, especially for non-polio enteroviruses, is limited. In this article, we review recent advances in the trafficking of these pathogens from the peripheral to the central nervous system, compare their cell tropism, and discuss the effects of viral infections in their host neuronal cells.
Highlights
We focus on these viruses and discuss their trafficking mechanisms, the factors related to neurotropism and neurovirulence, and the neuropathogenesis associated with neurotropic enteroviral infections
This review focused on the recent advances of enteroviruses with regard to central nervous system (CNS) infections and the factors that contribute to their pathogenesis
Several studies have demonstrated that PV and CVB are able to persist in neuronal cells, the associated mechanisms are not clear
Summary
Some enteroviruses have been shown to have the ability to infect the central nervous system and cause various neurological symptoms, such as encephalitis, meningitis, paralysis and ataxia. Among these viruses, poliovirus is the most well-known pathogen because it can cause poliomyelitis in infants and young children. Many enteroviruses can invade the nervous system, most of their trafficking routes are unidentified. Knowledge about their CNS host cells and the consequences of disease progression is limited. We focus on these viruses and discuss their trafficking mechanisms, the factors related to neurotropism and neurovirulence, and the neuropathogenesis associated with neurotropic enteroviral infections
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