Neurotoxicity and acute renal injury secondary to Russell’s viper bite in an individual: A case report from Nepal

Abstract

Introduction and Importance: Owing to the high number of envenomation and fatalities, the Russell’s viper holds greater medicinal significance than any other Asian serpent. South East Asia is one of the most snakebite-prone regions in the world. Dense population, extensive agricultural practices, abundance of venomous snake species, and overall lack of knowledge about primary treatment (first aid) are the major culprits associated with snake bite related morbidity and mortality . The venom of vipers is known to produce vasculotoxicity and contains hemotoxins. Case presentation: We describe a patient who was bitten by a viperine snake and showed signs of both neurotoxicity and acute kidney injury (AKI). The 20 years male was treated in tertiary case center of Nepal. Patient developed respiratory failure and needed ventilator support. Further more Haemodialysis was also done to manage AKI. Later patient was discharged after smooth recovery. Discussion: Numerous clinical manifestations, such as neurotoxicity and vasculotoxicity, can result from a viperine bite. The majority of viperine snake bites are hemotoxic. Dual neurotoxic symptoms are possible after a viperine bite, despite their rarity. The prevention of respiratory failure depends critically on the early detection of neurotoxicity. Conclusion: Unusual neuromuscular paralysis is caused by Russell’s vipers (Daboia russelii) in South East Asia. Physicians should know the exceptional presentations of snake bites to diagnose and treat patients