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Abstract
The debate about the ethical aspects surrounding the brain is growing these days and consequently the sciences directly related to it covered by neurosciences. Neuroethics is a recent field linked to the intersection of bioethics and neuroscience, and its advances raise ethical questions. The aim of this article is to verify and to comment important aspects of neuroethics. It was accomplished to critically review the literature. Ethics applied to areas related to neurosciences needs criteria that will serve as reference to consider variables and judge circumstances; the recent advances in neuroscience raise important ethical questions that need to be discussed and observed by Neuroethics; there is a need to defi ne the boundaries between the use of technologies and therapies to treat an ill patient and usages only to improve the performance of normal healthy individuals. Recent progress on cognitive neuroscience brings important ethical, practical, technological, philosophical, spiritual and moral questions to society.Key words: bioethics, neuroscience, health, neuropsychology.
Highlights
Slachevsky (2007) admits that neuroethics is a necessary subject and suggests that, nowadays, there is no consensus about its definition, but in a broad sense, it states about social, legal and ethical implications for neurosciences and its ethical issues on research
Kipper (2011) acknowledges that, until recently, there was little awareness about the ethical aspects arising from neuroscience and that the most recent tendency is to consider bioethics in terms of new lines of scientific or technological research as genetics, nanoscience and neuroscience
This paper concludes that there is the need to stimulate and improve the studies in neuroethics as a field to be consolidated, given the importance and speed of development of new technologies linked with neurosciences; the neuroethical debate must be part of public health policies in the contemporary agenda; ethics applied to areas involved by neurosciences needs criteria to consider variables and judge circumstances
Summary
A neuroética é um campo recente, ligado à interseção da bioética e da neurociência e seus avanços suscitam questionamentos éticos. The debate about ethical issues surrounding the brain and the sciences directly related to it, such science as psychology, medicine, physiotherapy and biology, points to different issues. Such science directs the study of brain specialties such as neuropsychology, neurology, biomedical engineering, and neuroscience in research and intervention of mental and neurological diseases, diagnostic methods (including neuroimaging) and prognostics of the evolution of thought and brain function. It is clear that in this new era, scientific development is taking along new technologies and results, such as biotechnology, for example, which leads to a real revolution on people’s way of life, even reaching other important sectors, such as the social and economic ones
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