Neuroscience of Cognitive Adaptations in Space: A Review Article

Abstract

The brain can continuously adapt to changing circumstances and environmental needs. Astronauts must adjust to a brand-new, weightless environment in space. Numerous space mission-specific environmental factors may impact neurocognitive function. Previous research has found that multiple psychomotor functions, such as postural control, accuracy of movement patterns, internal synchronisation, spatial orientation, and the neurological management of ongoing work, have deteriorated during space flight. Apart from disease and injury, toxic radiation, decompression mishaps, pharmaceutical side-effects, and excessive radiation exposure may all impact neurocognitive performance in space. Computerised exams and exercise equipment are just a couple of the instruments developed to evaluate and address these deficiencies and issues. How the brain will adjust to extended space travel is still a mystery. This review article thoroughly analyses state-of-the-art and upcoming challenges in cognitive neuroscience in space, from analog missions and computer simulations to orbit around the Earth and beyond. Thus; the aim of this review is to provide a better understanding of the various phases that our brain undergoes while exposed to entirely different environments.