Abstract
Neuroscience is a vast discipline that deals with the anatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology and pathophysiology of central and peripheral nerves. Advances made through basic, translational, and clinical research in the field of neuroscience have great potential for long-lasting and beneficial impacts on human and animal health. The emerging field of biological therapy is intersecting with the disciplines of neuroscience, orthopaedics and rheumatology, creating new horizons for interdisciplinary and applied research. Biological drugs, growth factors, therapeutic peptides and monoclonal antibodies are being developed and tested for the treatment of painful arthritic and rheumatic diseases. This concise communication focuses on the solutions provided by the fields of neuroscience and neuroimmunology for real-world clinical problems in the field of orthopaedics and rheumatology, focusing on synovial joint pain and the emerging biological treatments that specifically target pathways implicated in osteoarthritis pain in peripheral nerves.
Highlights
Neuroscience is a branch of biology and medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology of the central and peripheral nervous systems
The rapidly expanding aging population [5] and changing demographics [6,7] highlight opportunities for studying the role of the nervous system in different diseases such as cancer, immunological disorders, inflammatory conditions, metabolic and musculoskeletal diseases. This communication focuses on the solutions that neuroscience and neuroimmunology are able to offer for problems in the fields of orthopaedics and rheumatology, and addresses the issue of arthritis pain
We need to learn more about the physiology and pathophysiology of the peripheral innervation in OA and how neuro-inflammation of peripheral nerves can be selectively targeted for more successful outcomes in OA drug development
Summary
Neuroscience is a branch of biology and medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The rapidly expanding aging population [5] and changing demographics [6,7] highlight opportunities for studying the role of the nervous system in different diseases such as cancer, immunological disorders, inflammatory conditions, metabolic and musculoskeletal diseases This communication focuses on the solutions that neuroscience and neuroimmunology are able to offer for problems in the fields of orthopaedics and rheumatology, and addresses the issue of arthritis pain. Ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors (which are often ion channels themselves) in peripheral innervation of painful osteoarthritis joints must be a high priority target for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and biological drugs that are administered intra-articularly rather than injected subcutaneously or systemically [37,38,39,40] Another promising area for future development focuses on nanobodies and bispecific antibodies. Bispecific antibodies on the other hand possess binding specificity for two different target molecules and have recently been developed for targets in a range of autoimmune diseases, such as RA, systemic lupus erythematosus, and psoriasis, and tested in clinical trials [45]
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