Neuropsychological assessment of patients with late onset GM2 gangliosidosis.

Abstract

To characterize cognitive status in a sample of individuals with late-onset GM2 gangliosidosis (commonly referred to as late-onset Tay-Sachs disease). Seventeen subjects (13 men, 4 women) diagnosed with GM2 gangliosidosis were evaluated. Subjects ranged in age from 18 to 56 years and were in various stages of disease progression. Subjects underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Impairment was defined as performance more than 1.6 SD below the normative mean. Group mean performance was within the denoted normal range on all measures except on a task assessing visual sequencing and set shifting. Approximately one-half of the sample scored in the impaired range on measures of processing speed, visual sequencing, and set shifting. One-third of the sample also scored in the impaired range on measures of delayed verbal recall. Impairment tended to be restricted to a subset of the sample, as 5 of the 14 subjects able to undergo formal testing accounted for 70% of the total number of impaired scores. If the three subjects unable to participate in formal testing are also considered impaired, 47% of the current sample exhibited significant cognitive impairment in at least one cognitive domain. In late-onset GM2 gangliosidosis, there is a risk of impairment in executive functioning and memory as well as cerebellar dysfunction. Dementia was not present in any subjects in the current sample.