Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) affects the central nervous system (CNS), which is shown in a significant number of patients with neurological events. In this study, an updated literature review was carried out regarding neurological disorders in COVID-19. Neurological symptoms are more common in patients with severe infection according to their respiratory status and divided into three categories: (1) CNS manifestations; (2) cranial and peripheral nervous system manifestations; and (3) skeletal muscle injury manifestations. Patients with pre-existing cerebrovascular disease are at a higher risk of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality. The neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 are of great importance, but when life-threatening abnormal vital signs occur in severely ill COVID-19 patients, neurological problems are usually not considered. It is crucial to search for new treatments for brain damage, as well as for alternative therapies that recover the damaged brain and reduce the inflammatory response and its consequences for other organs. In addition, there is a need to diagnose these manifestations as early as possible to limit long-term consequences. Therefore, much research is needed to explain the involvement of SARS-CoV-2 causing these neurological symptoms because scientists know zero about it.
Highlights
The World Health Organization (WHO) classified coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) as “a public health emergency of international concern” [1]
Considering the high mortality rate from infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 and that the evidence on COVID-19 suggests that neurological events may occur in a significant number of patients [1], this manuscript aims to review and update data regarding neurological disorders in COVID-19
Developing an experimental model that mimics infection by COVID-19 is essential for enabling discoveries related to its pathogenicity; it is necessary to find the interactions with the different hosts, establishing the criteria for the prevention and care of diseases developed in non-human primate models (Rhesus macaques), similar to SARS-CoV-2 [134]
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) classified coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) as “a public health emergency of international concern” [1]. Similar to the virus that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, the new coronavirus was named as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) [2]. Beta coronavirus, which is from a zoonotic origin [3]. SARS-CoV-2 has affected 222 countries and territories with 179,696,026 confirmed cases and 3,891,297 confirmed deaths, as of. 22 June 2021 (www.worldometers.info/coronavirus) (accessed on 22 June 2021). Considering the high mortality rate from infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 and that the evidence on COVID-19 suggests that neurological events may occur in a significant number of patients [1], this manuscript aims to review and update data regarding neurological disorders in COVID-19.
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