Abstract
Immunophilin ligands that bind to immunophilins are known to exhibit neuroprotective properties1–6, in addition to their immunosuppressive effects. However, immunosuppressive immunophilin ligands induce several undesirable side effects, including immune deficiency, when used in long-term continuous treatment. Resent studies have reported that non-immunosuppressive immunophilin ligands are attracting attention as new candidate drugs for neuroprotection and neurorestoration particularly since they do not have the adverse effects of immunosuppressants3,5–12. Furthermore, the neurotrophic actions of immunophilin ligands are restricted to damage neurons, in contrast to neurotrophic factors, which also elicit neurite outgrowth in naive neurons6.
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