Neuroprotective evaluation of Marsilea quadrifolia L. and Salvinia molesta D.S Mitchel in aluminium chloride induced Alzheimer disease

Abstract

Phenolic compounds are very effective for the cure of various neurological and pathological diseases. Current study was conducted to estimate the Phenolic compounds through HPLC and to perform the anti-Alzheimer activity from two aquatic Leptosporangiate ferns; Marsilea quadrifolia L. and Salvinia molesta D. Crushed leaves were subjected to Microwave Assisted Extraction to prepare plant leave ethanolic extract of plants under study. Aluminum chloride induced Alzheimer’s disease model in rats by estimating behavioural and biochemical parameters were measured for ethanolic extract of both plants. Different behavioural tests were performed for neuromuscular coordination estimation and hole board test for exploratory behaviour were performed. The levels of AChE inhibitory activity and antioxidant enzymes were estimated on brain homogenates and Histopathological analysis were also performed. Phenolic compounds of leaf extracts were noted for HPLC chromatograms of standard compounds with Gallic acid (33.76 ± 0.08) higher in M. quadrifolia L. and Salicylic acid (12.45 ± 0.07) higher in S. molesta D. S Mitchel. Histopathological analysis showed that M. quadrifolia and S. molesta reversed the neurofibrillary tangles, degenerative changes, neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in the brain architecture. Both ferns at a dose of 500 mg/kg and 1000mg/kg significantly improved the Aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity by modulating cognitive disabilities and motor dysfunctions, and normalized the biochemical alteration of acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, both plants M. quadrifolia and S. molesta improved behavioural and biochemical parameters and therefore will be effective in treatment of neurodegenerative disorders via countless underlying mechanistic pathways.