Abstract
ABSTRACTThe neuroprotective effects of Tualang honey in stress-induced young and aged rats were investigated. Tualang honey (200 mg/kg body weight) was administered for 28 days. Stress-induced rats were subjected to loud noise 100 dB(A) 4 hours daily for 14 days. Stress exposure significantly induced memory impairment, increased brain oxidation indices, and decreased antioxidant enzymes activities and neuronal density in mPFC, CA2 and CA3 hippocampal areas in both young and aged rats. The stressed rats treated with Tualang honey showed a significant decrease in stress hormone levels and brain oxidation indices, and increase in memory, antioxidant enzymes activities, and neuronal density in mPFC and hippocampus compared to the vehicle-treated stressed rats. The protective effect of Tualang honey was more prominent in young than aged rats. These results suggest the neuroprotective effects of Tualang honey against oxidative stress and memory decline due to stress exposure and/or ageing through its antioxidant property.
Highlights
Stress exposure may induce deleterious effects on brain structure and cognition [1,2] and increase the risks of developing neuropsychiatric disorders [3]
Mean body weights of all groups over five weeks experimental period was illustrated in Figure 2(A,B) illustrates the percentage of body weight changes calculated as [(Final body weight–Initial body weight)/Initial body weight] × 100%
Factorial analyses of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant (P < .01) effects of age on corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, whereby aged rats possessed significant higher corticosterone and ACTH levels compared to the young (Table 1)
Summary
Stress exposure may induce deleterious effects on brain structure and cognition [1,2] and increase the risks of developing neuropsychiatric disorders [3]. Noise exposure exceeds 90 dB has been reported to be a source of stressor [4]. The adverse impact of noise on learning, memory and hippocampal neurogenesis has been reported by previous studies [5,6,7,8,9]. Oxidative reaction initiated by noise exposure has been implicated in the memory impairment. Previous studies have shown that increased oxidative stress is the cause of neuronal degeneration in auditory nuclei as well as the brain regions critical for cognitive functions [6,12,13]
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