Neuroprotective Effects against Glutamate-Induced HT-22 Hippocampal Cell Damage and Caenorhabditis elegans Lifespan/Healthspan Enhancing Activity of Auricularia polytricha Mushroom Extracts.

Chanin Sillapachaiyaporn,Panthakarn Rangsinth,Siriporn Chuchawankul,Alison T Ung,Tewin Tencomnao,Sunita Nilkhet

doi:10.3390/ph14101001

Neuroprotective Effects against Glutamate-Induced HT-22 Hippocampal Cell Damage and Caenorhabditis elegans Lifespan/Healthspan Enhancing Activity of Auricularia polytricha Mushroom Extracts.

Chanin Sillapachaiyaporn, Panthakarn Rangsinth + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14101001

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Abstract

Oxidative stress is associated with several diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, commonly found in the elderly. The attenuation of oxidative status is one of the alternatives for neuroprotection and anti-aging. Auricularia polytricha (AP), an edible mushroom, contains many therapeutic properties, including antioxidant properties. Herein, we report the effects of AP extracts on antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-aging activities. The neuroprotective effect of AP extracts against glutamate-induced HT-22 neuronal damage was determined by evaluating the cytotoxicity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and expression of antioxidant enzyme genes. Lifespan and healthspan assays were performed to examine the effects of AP extracts from Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that ethanolic extract (APE) attenuated glutamate-induced HT-22 cytotoxicity and increased the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes. Moreover, APE promoted in the longevity and health of the C. elegans. Chemical analysis of the extracts revealed that APE contains the highest quantity of flavonoids and a reasonable percentage of phenols. The lipophilic compounds in APE were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), revealing that APE mainly contains linoleic acid. Interestingly, linoleic acid suppressed neuronal toxicity and ROS accumulation from glutamate induction. These results indicate that AP could be an exciting natural source that may potentially serves as neuroprotective and anti-aging agents.

Highlights

Mushrooms are rich sources of nutritional compounds that possess medicinal properties [1,2]
The phenolic content analysis indicated that APW (33.66 ± 0.14 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight) contained the highest level of phenolic compounds, followed by APE
The current study revealed the effects of Auricularia polytricha (AP) extracts on oxidative stress inhibition and neuroprotection in glutamate-induced neuronal toxicity

Summary

Introduction

Mushrooms are rich sources of nutritional compounds that possess medicinal properties [1,2]. Auricularia spp, known as “wood ear” edible mushrooms, are commonly used in Asian cooking and traditional medicine [3]. Auricularia mushrooms have been reported to have antiviral [4], antitumoral [5,6], and immune-enhancing activities [7]. Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14, 1001 studies have shown that Auricularia polytricha (AP) contained antioxidant compounds [8,9,10,11]. AP was known to provide therapeutic effects on neurodegenerative disease (NDD) progression by inhibiting beta-secretase (BACE-1) [14]. BACE-1 is an important enzyme involved in amyloid synthesis and the leading cause of Alzheimer’s disease, the common cause of NDD

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