Neuroprotective effect of Gastrodia elata Blume ethanol extracts (GEB) against beta‐amyloid‐induced BV2 cell death: Gastrodin and 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde (4‐HBA) are the bio active candidates

Abstract

Increasing data from in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that amyloid beta‐induced damages in neurons and glia are mediated via ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) stress. Gastrodia elate Blume ethanol extract (GEB) has been traditionally used as a folk medicine in Oriental countries. We investigated whether GEB, containing phenolic compounds, had a beneficial action on amyloid beta‐induced BV2 microglioma cell death and determined how this effect was produced. In addition, the bioactive candidates involved were identified. The treatment of amyloid beta showed BV2 cell death, dose and time dependently. Amyloid beta also induced ER stress proteins expression (CHOP, IRE‐1a, PERK and p‐eIF2a), dose and time dependently, except for GRP 78 protein. When cells were pre‐treated with GEB, Gastrodin or 4‐HBA, prior to amyloid beta BV2 cell death was inhibited. Furthermore, GEB, gastrodin or 4‐HBA regulated the cell death, and the expression of CHOP and GRP 78. Data from the study suggests that GEB, gastrodin, or 4‐HBA have protective effect on amyloid beta‐induced cytotoxicity in BV2 microglia cells. In conclusion, GEB especially gastrodin and 4‐HBA may provide therapeutic effects on Alzheimer's disease through attenuation of amyloid beta‐induced cell death.