Neuroprotective Effect of Bergamot Juice in 6-OHDA-Induced SH-SY5Y Cell Death, an In Vitro Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Nadia Ferlazzo,Santa Cirmi,Caterina Russo,Sebastiano Gangemi,Alessandro Maugeri,Gioacchino Calapai,Vincenzo Mollace,Michele Navarra,Giovanni Enrico Lombardo

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12040326

Nadia Ferlazzo, Santa Cirmi + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12040326

Copy DOI

Abstract

Much evidence suggests that both oxidative stress and apoptosis play a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The present study aims to evaluate the protective effect of bergamot juice (BJ) against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)- or H2O2-induced cell death. Treatment of differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with 6-OHDA or H2O2 resulted in cell death that was significantly reduced by the pre-treatment with BJ. The protective effects of BJ seem to correlate with the reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide generation caused by 6-OHDA or H2O2. BJ also attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction, caspase-3 activation, imbalance of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, MAPKs activation and reduced NF-ĸB nuclear translocation evoked by neurotoxic agents. Additionally, BJ exhibited excellent antioxidant capability in cell-free assays. Collectively, our results suggest that BJ exerts neuroprotective effect through the interplay with specific cell targets and its antioxidant activity, making it worthy of consideration for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.

Highlights

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of nervous system, affecting two to three percent of the population over 65 years old
We investigated whether bergamot juice (BJ) protects differentiated SH-SY5Y cells from 6-OHDA- or H2O2-induced neurotoxicity, exploring its mechanism of action
Effect of BJ on 6-OHDA-Induced MAPKs Activation We further examined the involvement of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), two mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which are related to oxidative stressinduced cell death and survival

Summary

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of nervous system, affecting two to three percent of the population over 65 years old. Comprehensive research on novel neuroprotective drugs has proven that anti-inflammatory and antioxidant molecules from dietary sources may prevent and/or counteract neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD [4,5]. In this regard, nutraceuticals and food supplements have been shown to provide neuroprotection in several experimental models, and their use, as alternative to synthetic drugs or in combination with these, is justified by their capability of abolishing or, at least, mitigating the unwanted side effects of established therapies [5,6,7]

Methods

Results

Conclusion