Neuroprotective Assessment of Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract against Oxidative-Stress-Induced Cytotoxicity in SHSY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells.

Farah J Hashim,Kanit Vichitphan,Sukanda Vichitphan,Patcharee Boonsiri

doi:10.3390/plants10050889

Farah J Hashim, Kanit Vichitphan + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050889

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Abstract

The current trend worldwide is searching plant extracts towards prevention of neurodegenerative disorders. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Alpinia galanga leaves (ALE), Alpinia galanga rhizomes (ARE), Vitis vinifera seeds (VSE), Moringa oleifera leaves (MLE), Panax ginseng leaves (PLE) and Panax ginseng rhizomes (PRE) ethanolic extracts on human neuroblastoma (SHSY5Y) cells. The 1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging of VSE and MLE were 81% and 58%, respectively. Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of ALE and MLE (33.57 ± 0.20 and 26.76 ± 0.30 μmol Fe(ΙΙ)/g dry wt., respectively) were higher than for the other extracts. Liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS) revealed MLE active compounds. Intracellular study by nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) test showed that MLE and VSE had high O2− scavenging (0.83 ± 0.09 vs. 0.98 ± 0.08 mg/mL, respectively). MLE had the highest ROS scavenging followed by PRE (0.71 ± 0.08 vs. 0.83 ± 0.08 mg/mL, respectively), by 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFHDA) assay. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity and neuroprotection tests on SHSY5Y showed that PRE had a better neuroprotective effect but higher cytotoxicity compared to MLE (viable cells 51% vs. 44%, IC50 1.92 ± 0.04 vs. 2.7 ± 0.2 mg/mL, respectively). In conclusion, among the studied plants, MLE has potential for developing as a neuroprotective agent.

Highlights

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of oxygen-containing molecules that are highly reactive due to the presence of unpaired electrons; ROS mainly include hydroxyl radical (OH), superoxide anion (O2−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
The ability of vinifera seeds (VSE) and M. oleifera leaves extract (MLE) extracted with 70% ethanolic solvent in scavenging DPPH radicals agreed with the results obtained by [26–28], who reported that catechin and epicatechin are the most abundant compounds among phenolic components in VSE
The Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity of Alpinia galanga leaves (ALE) may be explained by the presence of the galango flavonoid, which was reported in ethanolic extract of the galanga plant

Summary

Introduction

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of oxygen-containing molecules that are highly reactive due to the presence of unpaired electrons; ROS mainly include hydroxyl radical (OH), superoxide anion (O2−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The key producer of ROS is environmental stress, and ROS are a common byproduct of the normal metabolic pathway of oxygen molecules. Increased ROS levels either outside or inside the cells result in significant damage to all biological macromolecules, namely lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Cells naturally generate ROS such as O2− and H2O2 through one-electron reduction of oxygen to O2− catalyzed by an NADPH or NADH oxidase utilizing NADPH or NADH as electron donors. Oxidative stress, achieved by the accumulation of ROS, is suggested to be an initiator of neurodegenerative disease

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