Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by the gradual loss of neurons. The development of effective neuroprotective agents to prevent and control neurodegenerative diseases is specifically important. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in selecting flavonoid compounds as potential neuroprotective agents, owing to their high effectiveness with low side effects. Baicalin is one of the important flavonoid compounds, which is mainly isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (an important Chinese medicinal herb). In recent years, a number of studies have shown that baicalin has a potent neuroprotective effect in various in vitro and in vivo models of neuronal injury. In particular, baicalin effectively prevents neurodegenerative diseases through various pharmacological mechanisms, including antioxidative stress, anti-excitotoxicity, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, stimulating neurogenesis, promoting the expression of neuronal protective factors, etc. This review mainly focuses on the neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement effects of baicalin. The aim of the present review is to compile all information in relation to the neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement effects of baicalin and its molecular mechanisms of action in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models.
Highlights
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae or Labiatae) is an important Chinese traditional medicinal plant, and commonly known as Huang-Qin or Chinese skullcap (Radix scutellariae).Traditionally, the root part of this plant has been used for the treatment of various ailments, including diarrhea, hepatitis, atherosclerosis, dysentery, diabetes, hypertension, complication of menstruation, eye diseases, vomiting, hemorrhaging, insomnia, common cold, inflammation, and respiratory infections [1]
These diseases refer to those conditions which neuronal cells undergo the low need aqueous solubility and poor oral bioavailability of baicalininare the major limitations in the progressive degeneration and eventual death associated with aging [17]
S. baicalensis has been traditionally used for the treatment of a variety of disorders since ancient times
Summary
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae or Labiatae) is an important Chinese traditional medicinal plant, and commonly known as Huang-Qin or Chinese skullcap (Radix scutellariae). A number of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that diseases, including Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), and Huntington’s diseases representbaicalin a large possesses various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, unmet medical need in the world These diseases refer to those conditions in which neuronal cells antithrombotic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties [8,9].Accumulating. These diseases refer to those conditions which neuronal cells undergo the low need aqueous solubility and poor oral bioavailability of baicalininare the major limitations in the progressive degeneration and eventual death associated with aging [17]. AD, PD, and cerebral suppressing influencevarious the metabolism of several CYP2E1 drugs [29].ischemia, Previous by study reported oxidative stress, inhibiting excitotoxicity, and promoting neurogenesis, reducing apoptosis, and inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines [9,20,21].
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