Neuroprotective Activity of Siddha Herbo-Mineral Formulation Muthu Parpam through Acetylcholine Esterase Enzyme Inhibition Assay for the Treatment of Alzheimer Disease

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition evidenced by significant cognitive dysfunction.  The state of cognitive impairment is made worse by increased levels of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is crucial in the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Siddha system is an ancient traditional system of medicine that treats many chronic ailments and neurological disorders. Muthu parpam is one of the herbo-marine Siddha drugs that is indicated for neurocognitive dysfunction and psychiatric illness. The primary goal of this present study was to evaluate the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibition of Muthu parpam. AChE activity was evaluated using a modified 96-well microplate assay based on Ellman’s method. Physostigmine (5, 10, 20, and 40 µg/ml) was used as the positive control. According to the findings of this study, the test drug Muthu Parpam was effective in inhibiting the AChE enzyme at the specified concentration in a dose-dependent manner. Maximum percentage inhibition of about 71.68% was observed at 500µg/ml when compared to that of the Physostigmine, a known AChE inhibitor with a maximum inhibition of 84.87% at the concentration of 40µg/ml. As a result, this preliminary screening has demonstrated the efficacy of Muthu parpam in the management of Alzheimer disease via AChE inhibition potential.