Abstract
Background: Resilience, an important protective factor against Internet gaming disorder (IGD), is the ability to recover from negative emotional experiences and constitutes a flexible adaptation to stress. Despite the importance of resilience in predicting IGD, little is known about the relationships between resilience and the neurophysiological features of IGD patients. Methods: We investigated these relationships using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) coherence, by comparing IGD patients (n = 35) to healthy controls (n = 36). To identify the resilience-related EEG features, the IGD patients were divided into two groups based on the 50th percentile score on the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale: IGD with low resilience (n = 16) and IGD with high resilience (n = 19). We analyzed differences in EEG coherence among groups for each fast frequency band. The conditional indirect effects of resilience were examined on the relationships between IGD and resilience-related EEG features through clinical symptoms. Results: IGD patients with low resilience had higher alpha coherence in the right hemisphere. Particularly, resilience moderated the indirect effects of IGD on alpha coherence in the right hemisphere through depressive symptoms and stress level. Conclusion: These neurophysiological findings regarding the mechanisms underlying resilience may help to establish effective preventive measures against IGD.
Highlights
The Internet has quickly become essential to our daily lives because it constitutes an endless source of information and entertainment
Connor–Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) score significantly differed among the groups, where the LowRe-Internet gaming disorder (IGD) group had a lower score than the HighRe-IGD and healthy controls (HC) groups (LowRe-IGD: 26.00 ± 12.81; HighRe-IGD: 63.26 ± 9.02; HC: 74.14 ± 8.44; p < 0.001)
The primary goal of the present study was to investigate the relationship between resilience and IGD pathology via resting-state EEG functional connectivity analyses
Summary
The Internet has quickly become essential to our daily lives because it constitutes an endless source of information and entertainment. The playing of Internet games has rapidly expanded commensurate with the increased use of the Internet. Because these games provide unlimited fun and entertainment, many Internet users, including children and adolescents, are tempted to play them. Due to the rapid increase in the number of IGD diagnoses, a comprehensive understanding of the disorder is necessary to develop effective strategies for its prevention. Clarification of the neural mechanisms underlying the risk and protective factors for IGD will aid in the development of such strategies. Resilience, an important protective factor against Internet gaming disorder (IGD), is the ability to recover from negative emotional experiences and constitutes a flexible adaptation to stress. Despite the importance of resilience in predicting IGD, little is known about the relationships between resilience and the neurophysiological features of IGD patients
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