Neurophysiological evaluation in children with Friedreich's ataxia

Abstract

Introduction In children with Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA children), clinical ataxia outcomes are hardly substantiated by underlying neurophysiological parameters. In young FRDA children, some reports (based upon International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale scores (ICARS)) mention transient neurological improvement upon idebenone treatment. However, these outcomes are obtained with adult instead of pediatric reference values. It is unknown whether age-related neurophysiological parameters can really substantiate neurologic improvement. Aim In young FRDA children, we aimed to determine longitudinal neurophysiological parameters during idebenone treatment. Methods During a two-year study period, 6 genetically proven FRDA children with cardiomyopathy (6–18 years) were longitudinally assessed for neurophysiological parameters [sensory evoked potentials (SEPs), F response, peripheral nerve conduction and dynamometry] in association with age-matched ICARS-scores. Results In all FRDA children, SEPs remained absent during the two-year study period. Peroneal nerve conduction velocity declined (from − 1SD to − 2SD; p < .05), whereas F responses remained essentially unaltered. Total muscle force and leg muscle force decreased (from − 2 to − 3SD and − 2.5 to − 3.5SD; both p < .05) and age-related ICARS-scores deteriorated (median increase + 41%; p < .05). Conclusion In FRDA children, age-related neurophysiological and ataxia parameters deteriorate during idebenone treatment. Although we cannot exclude some (subjective) disease stabilization, age-related neurophysiological parameters do not substantiate neurologic improvement.