Neurophysiological and functional neuroimaging methods in the assessment of migraines and epilepsy with vertigo

Abstract

A review of the current literature shows that the combined use of neurophysiological and structural-functional neuroimaging methods has significantly expanded the understanding of the mechanisms of migraine with vestibular dysfunction: functional and structural disorders were found in brain regions involved in multisensory vestibular control and Central vestibular processing. Analysis of numerous studies shows that epilepsy can also cause vestibular symptoms, they can occur both without epileptic markers, and in combination with epileptic paroxysms. In isolated epileptic vertigo, according to studies widely presented in the literature, epileptic activity was most often detected by EEG data in the temporal regions, to a lesser extent in the parietal regions. In these studies, neuroimaging findings of foci of reduced substance density were found, which could be a consequence of deafferentation, as well as violations of connections with the focus of neuronal activity. In the absence of structural abnormalities, numerous studies have shown using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion MRI, and PET that the physiological basis for impaired neuronal metabolism was a decrease in synaptic activity, a violation of maintaining the difference in membrane potentials on the surface of the hippocampus, or changes in neighboring tracts of the white matter of the brain.