NEUROPEPTIDES INVOLVING IN THE REGULATION OF LOCOMOTOR BEHAVIOR OF ROOT-KNOT PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES (REVIEW)

Abstract

In the last few decades, the attention of researchers has been attracted by endogenous
 FMRFamide-like neuropeptides found in a number of invertebrates, including
 species of the Nematoda phylum. A foreign literature review was presented for
 the functional significance of endogenous FMRFamide-like neuropeptides in
 locomotor behaviour of root-knot phytonematodes, representatives of the genus
 Meloidogyne Goldi, 1982, namely, Meloidogyne incognita, M. minor, M. hapla and
 M. graminicola. In Russia, such studies are not carried out. The main characteristics
 of phytoparasitic neuropeptides were obtained from the study of genes (flp-genes)
 that encode these neuropeptides. M. incognita was found to have FMRFamidelike positive immunoreactivity in the central nervous system and 19 flp genes. The
 Mi-flp-12 and Mi-flp-14 genes encode neuropeptides that stimulate locomotor
 behaviour, while Mi-flp-32 encodes a neuropeptide that inhibits parasite locomotor
 behaviour. Nematodes M. incognita and M. hapla were found to have G-proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs) encoded by the flp-32 gene, and their similarity
 to receptor 1 (C26F1) of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was
 detected. Similar data were presented in the literature for M. graminicola. The
 peptidergic signaling nervous system of root-knot phytonematodes is similar to the
 system of nematodes in vertebrates and free-living nematodes, which indicates the
 conservatism of the system in species of the entire Nematoda phylum.