Neurons affect the function of microglial cells

Abstract

The chronological and territorial expansion of neandertalian societies, their capacities of adaptation and expansion, show that their brutal extinction, which not only affects their ways of life but also their biological reality, cannot be rationally imputed to a natural process. As a result, we here propose that theories addressing these extinctions through these prisms cannot account for the adaptive ubiquity of these societies, or for the vast territories on which these groups settled. It appears more than ever essential to look for the processes in question in relation with thei cultural anthropology of the concerned societies. Neandertal extinction remains a purely speculative scientific field, but considering the remarkable adaptative abilities revealed by these populations, we assume on our own that climatic change, modification to environments, disappearance of traditionally hunted fauna or a subtle combination of all of these causes would thus be considered as extremely secondary in that extinction process. These factors, whose only limits are the imagination of researchers, who are distant spectators of this replacement, cannot account for the primary processes of this hominin disappearance.The approach angle is considered here as a presupposition, yet research as a discipline does not require the alignment of concepts developed by researchers but rather the demonstration of their logical constructs. Should this process be above all, not to say exclusively, approached from the point of view of the history and the sociology of these past societies? How can we understand that, after 150 years of archaeology, one of the most recent and most important hominin extinction remains focused in the Natural Sciences sphere, with no fundamental construction of a Cultural Anthropology of the last Neanderthals?More deeply, we must investigate the ethological and anthropological structures of these populations. Does a Neanderthalian ethology ever existed? The question of the identification of an ethology of biologically fossil societies cannot be evaluated on the notions of presence/absence of archaeological realities to which we subjectively confer a discriminating function (a bone tool, an ornament, a grave, - … -), but by exploring the logical identification of all the technical and cultural products of these societies. These heuristic paths are promising and still have to be scientifically explored.