Neuronal response thresholds to and encoding of thermal stimuli during carrageenin-hyperalgesic-inflammation in the ventro-basal thalamus of the rat.

Abstract

This study analyzed neuronal encoding and response thresholds to thermal stimuli at the ventro-basal (V.B.) thalamus level during a hyperalgesic inflammation induced by intra-plantar injection of carrageenin in the rat. The threshold and the encoding capacity of the cells were studied during two phases of the inflammatory process, namely the "acute" phase (the first two hours following the injection), and "sub-acute" phase 24 h after). In this second phase the hyperalgesia was verified using a behavioral nociceptive test, just prior to the recording session. Only VB neurones with a receptive field that included the injected paw were considered. In the acute phase, neurones exclusively driven by noxious stimuli were studied before and during the first two hours following the induction of the inflammatory oedema. In the sub-acute phase two groups of neurones which, on the basis of our previous studies, were presumably involved in the transmission of messages giving rise to the hyperalgesia could be separated: a group of neurones which were driven by intense mechanical stimuli and another group driven by moderate mechanical stimulation applied to the inflamed joints and/or the surrounding cutaneous areas. In the "acute" phase there was a dramatic lowering (by about 4 degrees C) of the response threshold of the neurones when the thermal stimulus was applied to the injected paw, although their threshold to the mechanical stimulus was still high. A linear encoding of the bath temperature used as a stimulus was observed for both the injected and the non-injected paws. For a few neurones, a leftward shift of the stimulus-response curve was found for the inflamed limb. In the "sub-acute" phase, neurones with high thresholds to the mechanical indentations still exhibited a low response threshold to the thermal stimulation, not only from the injected but also from the non-injected paw. The other group of neurones responded with relatively low thresholds to the both stimulus modalities. By contrast to the acute phase, the two groups of neurones exhibited only a weak ability to encode the stimulus intensity especially when the stimulus was applied to the inflamed paw. Both peripheral and central mechanisms are likely to be involved in the modifications of response threshold and encoding capacity at the VB thalamus level seen in these conditions of hyperalgesic inflammation. The differential time course of the responses to a liminal or to a supra-liminal temperature during the inflammation, are discussed in reference to some of the mismatches occurring in clinical situations of hyperalgesia.