Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: An Early Diagnosis to Prevent Blindness and Paraplegia

Abstract

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), also referred to as Devic’s disease, is a rare autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that primarily affects both the optic nerve (optic neuritis) and the spinal cord (myelitis). Patients presenting solely with optic neuritis or transverse myelitis can make diagnosis difficult. If left untreated, it may result in blindness and paralysis. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for treating and preventing further NMOSD attacks. This article describes the case of a previously healthy patient who presented with NMOSD. In addition, the clinical presentation, diagnostics, and treatment methods are discussed.