Abstract
1. 1. The toadfish is known to produce sound by synchronized contractions at extremely high frequencies of a special muscle attached to its swimbladder. 2. 2. This sonic muscle fiber is unique, in that while it has a well-developed, propagated action potential and an extremely rapid twitch, it also has polyaxonal and multiple innervation along its entire length with the nerve endings irregularly spaced an average of 100 μ apart. 3. 3. Miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials were recorded at all sites of penetration in the muscle, and analysis of the amplitude histogram of the miniatures gives evidence for multiple innervation. 4. 4. High cholinesterase activity was found on the presynaptic terminals of the sonic motoraxons as well as on the closely spaced neuromuscular junctions. 5. 5. This neuromuscular organization partially accounts for the rapid synchronization of the sonic muscle. Evidence is presented indicating that this organization may be characteristic of a wide variety of fish muscles.
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