Abstract
BackgroundNeuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an uncommon and lethal side effect of neuroleptics. The clinical expression of this syndrome is diverse. Even with criteria diagnosis, it is hard to recognize it easily.We report a series of 25 cases of NMS among patients hospitalized in psychiatric service at Oujda for 5 years. We have described the clinical characteristics of NMS in these patients, the treatments received, the management, and the course of this syndrome.ResultsMost of the patients are hospitalized for psychotic or affective disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM V) criteria. 92% of patients received conventional neuroleptic, and half of them were under the injectable form. No patient took long-acting injectable antipsychotics. 36% of patients received neuroleptics for the first time. NMS appeared in the first week after the admission in psychiatric service among 24 patients. The most common clinical and biological signs were muscular rigidity, the elevation of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and alteration of blood pressure. Other symptoms were found in proportion varied between 24% and 72%. 32% of the patients did not develop complications. One patient developed renal failure. All patients recovered, and no deaths were recorded.ConclusionsEarly recognition of NMS help to rescue patient. It is necessary to detect this syndrome even in the absence of main signs such as fever.
Highlights
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an uncommon and lethal side effect of neuroleptics
We investigated a series of cases of NMS that occurred during 5 years among hospitalized patients in psychiatric service at Oujda
– Adult patients aged over 18 years, hospitalized in psychiatric service for different mental illnesses, diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) V and with the use of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and they are treated with antipsychotics of different classes
Summary
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an uncommon and lethal side effect of neuroleptics. The clinical expression of this syndrome is diverse. We have described the clinical characteristics of NMS in these patients, the treatments received, the management, and the course of this syndrome. NMS is a rare and potentially fatal side effect linked to the use of antipsychotics and medications altering dopaminergic neurotransmission [1]. This syndrome could happen in a proportion going from 0.02 to 3% [2, 3]. Subjects receiving large doses of neuroleptics are more frequently affected by this adverse event [6]
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